Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Clinical State of the Art
نویسنده
چکیده
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the liver is an important tool for the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions and for the evaluation of diffuse liver disease. The advantages of MRI over other imaging modalities include superior soft-tissue contrast, avoidance of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast media, and the possibility of performing functional imaging sequences. However, MRI is not without disadvantages, which include limited availability, higher cost, and a longer examination time. One must also consider the recently described risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), which is associated with gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with renal failure. Some other contraindications to obtaining MRI examination include cardiac pacemakers, claustrophobia, first-trimester pregnancy, and known allergy to gadolinium-based contrast media. Despite these limitations, MRI has gained acceptance for liver imaging as it has been shown to be generally superior to both ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in terms of surveillance, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been shown that MRI is superior to CT in the detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions. Recent studies have also shown the ability of functional MRI techniques to non-invasively diagnose and quantify hepatic fibrosis, liver steatosis, and siderosis. These new techniques have the potential to replace liver biopsy in the assessment of diffuse liver disease.
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